Early Warning Signs of Foot Disease for Diabetic Patients
India is the diabetes capital of the world and with it comes a multitude of complications, which if left untreated can be a cause of critical concern. Particularly foot complications as it’s often neglected in individuals with diabetes. Diabetic Foot is caused due to of poor blood circulation, muscle weakness and nerve damage in the feet. To prevent grievous outcomes such as gangrene and amputation, foot conditions need early detection and treatment. The following is a list of early predictive indicators that all diabetic patients should be wary of:
1. Sense of hot and cold
Neuropathy, or nerve damage, is a common complication of diabetes. People with neuropathy may have a reduced ability to sense temperature changes, which can lead to burns or injuries, as they may not feel discomfort or pain when exposed to hot or cold surfaces
2. Variations in Skin Tone
If your feet begin to darken or develop a shiny appearance, and you notice hair loss on the legs, making the feet and lower legs appear different in color and texture from the rest of the lower limb, this could indicate poor circulation.
3. Changes in the shape of the foot
In diabetic patients, the foot may gradually change shape—a neutral foot can develop into a high arch or become flat. Toes may start to claw, and bunions may form on the big toe or the fifth toe. These are early warning signs of muscle weakness that require prompt intervention.
4. Corns and Calluses
Calluses and corns are common and can be early indicators of foot issues. If left untreated, they can pose serious risks for diabetic patients. Calluses may thicken due to excess pressure or friction, potentially leading to wounds and blisters. Regularly inspecting your feet can help detect these signs early.
5. Slower walking
Patients with diabetes, who have started having foot issues would start walking slower than before, due to balance and proprioception issues.
6. Constant Cramping or Pain
Any persistent pain or cramps in the leg, not just while walking but even while resting or sleeping, may indicate inadequate blood supply to the feet.
While the above points serve as early warning signs that may be recognizable, the following are critical diagnostic indicators for diabetic foot health. If you experience any of these, consulting a doctor promptly is essential to prevent further complications.
7. Numbness or tingling
If you feel numbness, tingling, a “pins and needles” sensation, or any altered sensation in the foot compared to your calf region, it could indicate that your nerves are damaged. If left untreated, it might be difficult to feel your footwear eventually leading to non-healing wounds and amputation.
8. Swelling
Persistent Swelling in the legs and swelling after short walking also is a sign of compromised blood circulation. Swelling associated with increased local temperature or changes in the colour of the skin are the signs of infection and need to be addressed immediately.
Injuries, poor circulation, and fluid retention can all contribute to foot swelling. Because it could be a sign of an infection, ulcer, or other underlying systemic problem, it is particularly troubling for diabetics. Any swelling in the foot needs to be diagnosed as quickly as possible to prevent drastic outcomes.
9. Injuries or Wounds That Refuse to Heal
Due to poor circulation and neuropathy, diabetic people are more likely to sustain wounds that do not heal adequately. An early warning sign of a more serious issue could be a cut, blister, or sore on your foot that is not healing in a week’s time. Infections or even amputations may result from untreated non healing wounds.
10. Variations in the color or thickness of toenails
Although thickened or discolored toenails may appear to be a small problem, they may be an indication of fungal infections or other foot health issues. These infections are more common in diabetics and, if left untreated, can spread. Keep an eye out for any changes in your toenails and, if required, seek treatment.
Diabetic patients should prioritize regular foot inspections and be proactive in managing any early warning signs. It’s essential to involve a foot expert (podiatric surgeon) in your care routine to ensure that even minor symptoms don’t lead to severe complications. By recognizing these early signs, you can take preventive action to maintain healthy feet and overall well-being.
